What process transfers energy via electromagnetic waves?

The correct answer is C, radiation, because it specifically refers to the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. This form of energy transfer doesn’t require a medium, meaning it can occur through a vacuum, such as the energy from the Sun traveling through space to reach Earth. Electromagnetic waves encompass a variety of radiation types, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet light.

Conduction, on the other hand, is the transfer of energy through direct contact, while convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) due to differences in density. Both conduction and convection require a medium to facilitate energy transfer, which is not the case with radiation. Thus, radiation is uniquely characterized by its ability to transmit energy across empty spaces, making it the correct choice for this question.