What force is responsible for chemical bonding between atoms?

Chemical bonding between atoms is primarily due to the electromagnetic force. This force is responsible for the interactions between charged particles, such as electrons and protons. In the context of atoms, the electromagnetic force enables the attraction between negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei, which is the foundation of chemical bonds.

In a covalent bond, for example, atoms share pairs of electrons, and the attraction between the shared electrons and the nuclei of both atoms holds them together. In ionic bonds, the electromagnetic attraction occurs between oppositely charged ions, where one atom donates an electron to another, resulting in a stable compound.

The other forces mentioned do not play a significant role in chemical bonding. Gravitational force is much weaker than electromagnetic force and does not affect atomic interactions on the scale of chemical bonds. The nuclear force is responsible for holding protons and neutrons together in an atomic nucleus, but it does not influence the attractions between electrons and nuclei in the formation of chemical bonds. Magnetic force is related to magnetic fields and does not directly facilitate the bonding between atoms as the electromagnetic force does.