In a longitudinal wave, the particle motion is compared to the wave velocity in what way?

In a longitudinal wave, the motion of the particles is parallel to the direction of wave propagation. This means that as the wave travels through a medium, the particles of that medium oscillate back and forth along the same direction in which the wave is moving. A common example of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave, where air molecules compress and rarefy in the same direction as the wave travels.

Understanding this concept helps clarify the behavior of waves in different contexts. In contrast, other wave types, like transverse waves, exhibit particle motion that is perpendicular to the wave direction. Recognizing the differences between wave types improves comprehension of their properties and applications in physical science.